LED Blinking Patterns

Hardware Connection

Code

#include <Arduino.h>

#define NUM_LEDS 4
#define NUM_PATTERNS 5
#define MAX_STEPS 4
#define SWITCH_PIN 12
#define DEBOUNCE_DELAY 50

const uint8_t led_pins[NUM_LEDS] = { 2, 3, 4, 5 };

// Use -1 as a sentinel for end of pattern
const int patterns[NUM_PATTERNS][MAX_STEPS][NUM_LEDS] = {
    { {1, 1, 1, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0}, {-1, 0, 0, 0}, {-1, 0, 0, 0} },
    { {1, 0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 1}, {-1, 0, 0, 0}, {-1, 0, 0, 0} },
    { {1, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 1} },
    { {1, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, {-1, 0, 0, 0}, {-1, 0, 0, 0} },
    { {1, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 0}, {-1, 0, 0, 0}, {-1, 0, 0, 0} }
};

uint8_t pattern_index = 0;
uint8_t last_button_state = HIGH;
uint8_t current_button_state = HIGH;
unsigned long last_debounce_time = 0;

void setup() {
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
        pinMode(led_pins[i], OUTPUT);
    }
    pinMode(SWITCH_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

void loop() {
    for (uint8_t j = 0; j < MAX_STEPS; j++) {
        if (patterns[pattern_index][j][0] == -1) break;
        set_leds(patterns[pattern_index][j]);

        if (!delay_with_button_check(500)) break;
    }
}

// Set LED states
void set_leds(const int states[]) {
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
        digitalWrite(led_pins[i], states[i]);
    }
}

// Delay while checking button
bool delay_with_button_check(unsigned long duration) {
    unsigned long start_time = millis();
    while (millis() - start_time < duration) {
        if (is_debounced_press(SWITCH_PIN)) {
            pattern_index = (pattern_index + 1) % NUM_PATTERNS;
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// Button debouncing
bool is_debounced_press(uint8_t button_pin) {
    uint8_t reading = digitalRead(button_pin);

    if (reading != last_button_state) {
        last_debounce_time = millis();
    }

    if ((millis() - last_debounce_time) > DEBOUNCE_DELAY) {
        if (reading != current_button_state) {
            current_button_state = reading;
            if (current_button_state == LOW) {
                last_button_state = reading;
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    last_button_state = reading;
    return false;
}

Output